Things That Can And Can't Be Taught to Adult Player

Over the years (decades actually now) I've seen numerous of posts discussing young players and expectations for them and on the other hand what improvementmis expected from older players. Lot of these discussions seem to fail to recognize key raw talent and on the other hand sometimes (younger) players are hailed for standing out but their attributes are kind that can be taught to any player. With more experienced players the learning is ongoing process (for those that posess the hunger to improve themselves) so certain things will keep improving throughout their playing career while others are more or less the same as they were when they were 16. Best players will play well into their 30's because while they will slowly but surely lose pace and functional strength they will replace them with other areas they have improved.
I'd roughly spread the attributes to three categories: Those that can be TAUGHT after the age of say 19. Those that can be IMPROVED. And finally things that at that age come so naturally that they CAN NOT be taught or much improved.
Things that CAN NOT be taught:
Raw pace (check further for functional pace)
Running with ball and dribbling (player can obviously learn new tricks but that's another thing.)
Passing technique
First touch (this is surprising to some but it really is something that comes from the backbone.)
Footedness
Determination (I probably shouldn't say this as youth coach but this is one thing I'm struggling to think whether it can be taught at all at any age. Some people seem to born with it and others not. No one will end up as professional footballer of any level without at least above average level determination compared to general population)
Spatial awareness and vision
Things that can be improved but not really taught:
Shooting technique
Functional pace and sprinting (running techniques and playing stance that help you sprint faster)
Agility
Decision making
Mental strength and composure (there are techniques to improve these but again people are born with different kind of temperaments)
Things that are very much teachable for young (and in some cases older) professional footballer:
Off the ball movement
Positioning (these two are pretty much cousins of each other. As long as you have the required spatial awreness the actually movement to right place can be taught. Besides different systems require different type of movement both off the ball in attack and positioning when defending)
Anticipation (see above two. This is just mental part of off the ball movement and positioning. You see improvement in tnis especially among some of the older guys)
Tackling (an art dorm for sure but it can be not only improved but also taught)
Heading (amazingly this is not as natural thing as passing or even shooting tehnique. This can be taught imo)
Crossing (this is very mechanical process as is heading. Repetition is needed though... see determination above)
Marking (both zonal and man marking)
Stamina
Strength (these two are very easy to "teach)
Versatility to play other positions
Taking set pieces of all sorts
This is by no mens definitive list but I've red lot of coaching manuals and tons of books about football coaches and even scouts. There seems to be general concensus among these though especially in the middle group there are differing opinnions (some for example consider decision making belonging to first group whereas others believe that it can be taught from the grounds up later on).
SO whenever I look at young player or player coming in and jusging how well management staff does with players I think about this list. When I see player like Sane who ticks all the boxes in first group and most in second I'm very excited. And then I see guys who are good at lot of stuff on last group but lack key elements from first two I'm more sceptical.
What makes this game so great though is that it has never been exact science. There are lot of exceptions to these rules. This is just a rough guide.
I'd roughly spread the attributes to three categories: Those that can be TAUGHT after the age of say 19. Those that can be IMPROVED. And finally things that at that age come so naturally that they CAN NOT be taught or much improved.
Things that CAN NOT be taught:
Raw pace (check further for functional pace)
Running with ball and dribbling (player can obviously learn new tricks but that's another thing.)
Passing technique
First touch (this is surprising to some but it really is something that comes from the backbone.)
Footedness
Determination (I probably shouldn't say this as youth coach but this is one thing I'm struggling to think whether it can be taught at all at any age. Some people seem to born with it and others not. No one will end up as professional footballer of any level without at least above average level determination compared to general population)
Spatial awareness and vision
Things that can be improved but not really taught:
Shooting technique
Functional pace and sprinting (running techniques and playing stance that help you sprint faster)
Agility
Decision making
Mental strength and composure (there are techniques to improve these but again people are born with different kind of temperaments)
Things that are very much teachable for young (and in some cases older) professional footballer:
Off the ball movement
Positioning (these two are pretty much cousins of each other. As long as you have the required spatial awreness the actually movement to right place can be taught. Besides different systems require different type of movement both off the ball in attack and positioning when defending)
Anticipation (see above two. This is just mental part of off the ball movement and positioning. You see improvement in tnis especially among some of the older guys)
Tackling (an art dorm for sure but it can be not only improved but also taught)
Heading (amazingly this is not as natural thing as passing or even shooting tehnique. This can be taught imo)
Crossing (this is very mechanical process as is heading. Repetition is needed though... see determination above)
Marking (both zonal and man marking)
Stamina
Strength (these two are very easy to "teach)
Versatility to play other positions
Taking set pieces of all sorts
This is by no mens definitive list but I've red lot of coaching manuals and tons of books about football coaches and even scouts. There seems to be general concensus among these though especially in the middle group there are differing opinnions (some for example consider decision making belonging to first group whereas others believe that it can be taught from the grounds up later on).
SO whenever I look at young player or player coming in and jusging how well management staff does with players I think about this list. When I see player like Sane who ticks all the boxes in first group and most in second I'm very excited. And then I see guys who are good at lot of stuff on last group but lack key elements from first two I'm more sceptical.
What makes this game so great though is that it has never been exact science. There are lot of exceptions to these rules. This is just a rough guide.